Corruption amongst local Indonesian officials fuels cynicism with regard to the governmental clampdown on illegal logging activities. The corruption associated with illegal logging weakens the rule of law and fuels the cycle of transnational crime. On the political front, the Indonesian governmental role in curbing deforestation has largely been criticised. [53], The requirements under the new Amendments are two-fold. [26] In Kachin State, which has some of the largest expanses of relatively untouched forest, illegal logging accounts for up to half of the deforestation. Prevention of Illegal Logging Practices). The AFLEG conference, the second regional forest law enforcement and governance meeting after East Asia, resulted in endorsement of a ministerial declaration and action plan as well as a variety of informal implementation initiatives. [26] Due to the remoteness of these regions and the international demand for hardwoods, illegal logging is a threat that is hard to address and will probably continue contributing to deforestation. Urge the Senate to require employers follow science-based protections for workers and their communities. Illegal logging has serious economic and social implications for the poor and disadvantaged with millions of dollars worth of timber revenue being lost each year.[17]. Illegal logging can also include the cutting of species that protected under law or harvesting timber or lumber in quantities that exceed what is permissible by regulations and standards. Illegal logging could be defined as breaking of laws on cutting, processing and transporting timber or wood products. A joint UK-Indonesian study of the timber industry in Indonesia in 1998 suggested that about 40% of throughput was illegal, with a value in excess of $365 million. It agreed to the Saint Petersburg Declaration on Forest Law Enforcement and Governance in Europe and North Asia. - As used in this Act, the term: The primary means of implementing the Plan is through Voluntary Partnership Agreements with timber producing countries. The Act makes it a criminal offense to intentionally, knowingly or recklessly import wood, pulp and paper products into Australia or process Australian raw logs that have been illegally logged. We need to grow a resilient food system from the ground up. It is recognised as a world biosphere reserve by the United Nations and forms the largest protected area of swamp forest in South-East Asia. Thereafter, these farmers will move on to occupy another plot of land and continually practice their slash-and-burn technique. In 2016, the FAO-EU FLEGT Programme published an additional study, Traceability: a management tool for business and governments, providing examples of good practices in the region's traceability systems, which help prevent illegal logging by tracking timber from its forest of origin throughout its journey along the supply chain. A study by a Brazilian commission showed that 80% of all logging in the Amazon was illegal during the late 90s 2. [3][4] TRAFFIC,[10] the wildlife trade monitoring network, strives to monitor the illegal trade of timber and provide expertise in policy and legal reviews. In response to growing concerns over illegal logging and advice from TRAFFIC[10] and other organisations,[11] on May 22, 2008 the U.S. amended the Lacey Act, when the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 expanded its protection to a broader range of plants and plant products (Section 8204. Climate change is one of the most devastating problems humanity has ever faced—and the clock is running out. It allows for undocumented and unauthorized deforestation in which allows for the exploitation of Cambodia's forests. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Illegal Logging: Law Enforcement, Livelihoods and the Timber Trade. A subcategory of environmental law, Forestry Law relates to all statutes and regulations that deal with the preservation of forests and parks, reforestation activities to ensure the sustainability of the nation's lands, and the prevention of illegal logging activities. This marked the beginning of a long process by which the EU aims to develop and implement measures to address illegal logging and related trade. Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local communities, and the economies of producer countries. No purchase necessary. The Conference brought together nearly 150 participants from 20 countries, representing government, international organizations, NGOs, and the private sector. In May 2004, the Russian Federation announced its intention to host the ENA FLEG process, supported by the World Bank. [21] This contributing social factor to deforestation reinforces the challenges faced by forestry sustainability in developing countries such as Indonesia. [30] Given that a mature, 30 year-old Siamese rosewood tree can fetch 300,000 baht on the black market, illegal logging is unlikely to disappear.[31][32]. It involves cutting trees without permits or removing trees from protected areas, and other activities such as avoiding taxes and laundering illegal logs. Powers of State Forestry Commission employees as to enforcement of laws, prevention and suppression of forest fires, etc. Of the 13 companies that were investigated, 12 had broken the law. Generating up to USD 157 billion each year, it attracts organised criminal groups and fosters widespread corruption. The election is over, but the crises are all still here. The scale of illegal logging represents a major loss of revenue to many countries and can lead to widespread associated environmental damage. Illegal logging, the harvesting of timber in contravention of national laws, is a major problem in the management of the country's protected areas (Mallari et al. This further augments scepticism in the Indonesian government's credibility in efficiently and responsibly managing their urban development projects and forestry conservation efforts. [19] Many of these corporations could circumvent this red tape, maximise revenue profits by employing illegal logging activities as lax law enforcement and porous law regulations in large developing countries like Indonesia undermine forestry conservation efforts.[20]. For companies in the forestry sector, publications making high estimates can be regarded as potentially threatening for their reputation and their market perspective, including the competitiveness of wood in comparison to other materials. We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing, you accept our use of cookies. The 1999 Forestry Law states that it is essential for companies to be endorsed by authorities in respective regions with an IPK permit, a timber harvesting permit, for legal approval of their deforestation activities. A senate committee in the Philippines estimated that the country lost as much as US$1.8bn per year during the 1980s. [23] The lack of accountability to deforestation with pertinence to transmigration projects undertaken by the Indonesian government illustrates minimal supporting evidence to testify to considerations for forestry sustainability in their development projects. They must instead be arranged in bilateral agreements. It is a global problem with significant economic, social and environmental impact. Illegal logging occurs in the Philippines and intensifies flood damage in some areas. It prohibits the placing on the EU market for the first time of illegally harvested timber and products derived from such timber; It requires EU traders who place timber products on the EU market for the first time to exercise 'due diligence'; Once on the market, the timber and timber products may be sold on and/or transformed before they reach the final consumer. It is clear that while illegal logging does have negative impacts, it also, controversially, and perhaps paradoxically, benefits many stakeholders, including local communities. The Lacey Act also makes it unlawful, beginning December 15, 2008, to import certain plants and plant products without a Plant and Plant Product import declaration. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a protected area; the cutting down of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits. In economic terms illegal logging results in lost revenues and other foregone benefits. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Tell Uber & Lyft to be part of a clean transportation future. The European Union Timber Regulation was adopted in 2010 and went into effect 3 March 2013. China is the world’s largest importer of legal and illegal timber, and if the change is enforced it could boost efforts to fight the illegal logging trade. Despite the economic importance of trade in timber and forest products, major international timber consumer countries, such as the EU, have no legal means to halt the import of illegally sourced forest products,[2] because the identification of illegally logged or traded timber is technically difficult. While illegal logging occurs in many parts of the world, much of it is concentrated in the tropics, where prized hardwoods are taken to make items like furniture, cabinets, and other architectural woodwork. In Liberia, the programme helped forest communities to negotiate fair contracts with logging companies to stop illegal deforestation, and a new land rights act was signed into law … On December 28, 2019, Chinese legislators revised the country’s Forest Law to ban “purchase, process or transport” of illegal logs. Text STOP to opt out. Incredibly, since 2015, the forest area in the Philippines has been rising, mainly thanks to government initiatives and increased law enforcement 1. Between 50% and 90% of logging from the key countries in these regions is being carried out by organised criminal entities. In 2008, WWF worked with a coalition of businesses and organizations to pass groundbreaking amendments to the Lacey Act that prohibit illegal timber and timber products from entering the US market. The Saint Petersburg conference brought together nearly 300 participants representing 43 governments, the private sector, civil society and international organisations. [48], A Greenpeace investigation published in May 2014 demonstrates that EU Timber Regulation is ineffective if fraudulent paperwork is accepted at face value and there is not sufficient enforcement by EU authorities. It can also happen when forests are cleared for plantations such as oil palm. It will force businesses to check more carefully where their materials are coming from. Section 9-13-10.1: Assistance of State Forestry Commission in control and suppression of wildfires by other state agencies: Section 9-13-11 Record breaking logging of last rainforests, "Indonesia's Sinar Mas Accused of Illegal Land Clearing", "Rates and Causes of Deforestation in Indonesia: Towards a Resolution of the Ambiguities", "Tackling Political Corruption to Combat Illegal Logging", "Thailand's green cover in slow decline as 40% goal remains out of reach", "Timber - Species we work with at TRAFFIC", UK BANS BIG BUSINESSES FROM SELLING PRODUCTS LINKED TO ILLEGAL DEFORESTATION, "The Stolen Forests: Inside the covert war on illegal logging", "U.S. Department of Agriculture Lacey Act Guidance", "Department of Agriculture Illegal Logging", "Australia: Illegal Logging Prohibition Regulation position paper welcomed by the timber industry", UAV Drones Becoming Valuable Tools in Fighting Illegal Deforestation in Global Conservation Projects, Satellite Technology Aims to Combat Illegal Logging in Real Time, "Timber trafficking: Illegal Logging in Indonesia, South East Asia and International Consumption of Illegally Sourced Timber", Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade - Dimensions, Drivers, Impacts and Responses, International Union of Forest Research Organizations, FAO-EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Programme, European Commission page on illegal logging, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illegal_logging&oldid=1000988444, Articles with dead external links from November 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles needing additional references from February 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Sign up or text "SCIENCE" to 662266. The Act commenced on 28 November 2012 and establishes Australia’s illegal logging framework. It involves cutting trees without permits or removing trees from protected areas, and other activities such as avoiding taxes and laundering illegal logs. This rudimentary agricultural technique involves the felling of forest trees before a dry season and, subsequently, the burning of these trees in the following dry season to provide fertilisers to support their crop activities. A blog on science, politics, and activism. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA, Infographic: Wildfires and Climate Change, Building Equitable, Clean, and Climate-Safe Infrastructure, How Soil Erosion Threatens Food and Farms. King Bhumibol Adulyadej has blamed the destruction of Thailand's forested areas on the greed of some state officials. The energy choices we make today could make or break our ability to fight climate change. Learn more. PENALTIES FOR ILLEGAL LOGGING. There is a high demand for timber from Burma's neighbours–notably Thailand and China–who have depleted their forests much more than Burma (plunder). © Union of Concerned Scientists Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. They’re the most dangerous invention the world has ever seen. This could include harvesting timber from protected areas, felling protected species, or exceeding logging quotas. Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local communities and to the economies of producer countries. The EU has 2 key legal acts to fight illegal logging: the forest law enforcement, governance and trade regulation the EU timber regulation. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Executive Order No.26 Declaring an Interdepartmental Convergence Initiative for a National Greening Program A preparatory conference was held in Moscow in June 2005. A major problem is that illegal logging is still classified in Myanmar as an environmental matter, and not as a criminal act, making it difficult for the Forest Department to bring a lawsuit against the offenders. The Declaration includes an indicative list of actions, intended to serve as a general framework for possible actions to be undertaken by governments as well as civil society. About Illegal Logging Although the international community has yet to agree upon the definition of "illegal logging," it is commonly understood as the harvest, transport, purchase or sale of timber or wood products in violation of national laws. Illegal logging contributes to deforestation and by extension global warming, causes loss of biodiversity, and undermines the rule of law. Reduce illegal logging and its costly impacts. EC/99/03, WWF International (2002) The Timber Footprint of the G8 and China, The Peruvian Environmental Law Society (2003), Learn how and when to remove this template message, transmigration projects undertaken by the Indonesian government, Forest Law Enforcement and Governance Program, Federal Forestry Agency of the Russian Federation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, "Dawn timber-laundering raids cast doubt on 'sustainable' Brazilian wood", Wood laundering brings illegal Amazon timber to Europe — report, "Protecting the Environment with Intelligence – EIA International", "Tree sleuths are using DNA tests and machine vision to crack timber crimes", "People Fixing the World: Is your wood from a legal source? To fight climate change and a loss of biodiversity, USA ( 617 ) 547-5552 the energy choices make. 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